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                <h3 id="接口（Interface）"><a href="#接口（Interface）" class="headerlink" title="接口（Interface）"></a>接口（Interface）</h3><p>使用接口（Interfaces）来定义对象的类型。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>在面向对象语言中，接口（Interfaces）是一个很重要的概念，它是对行为的抽象，而具体如何行动需要由类（classes）去实现（implement）。<br>TypeScript 中的接口是一个非常灵活的概念，除了可用于<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://ts.xcatliu.com/advanced/class-and-interfaces.html#%E7%B1%BB%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3">对类的一部分行为进行抽象</a>以外，也常用于对「对象的形状（Shape）」进行描述。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">List</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  data<span class="token operator">:</span> List<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> result<span class="token operator">:</span> Result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Tom"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// result的形状必须与接口一致</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>定义的变量比接口少了一些属性或者多一些属性是不允许的；</li>
<li><strong>赋值的时候，变量的形状必须和接口的形状保持一致</strong>；</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="可选属性"><a href="#可选属性" class="headerlink" title="可选属性"></a>可选属性</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">List</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  age<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 可选属性: 该属性可以不存在</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="任意属性"><a href="#任意属性" class="headerlink" title="任意属性"></a>任意属性</h4><p>一个接口允许有任意的属性：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">List</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 任意属性取 string 类型的值</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>注：<strong>一旦定义了任意属性，那么确定属性和可选属性的类型都必须是它的类型的子集</strong>，比如任意属性的类型为 string，那么该接口不能存在 number，boolean 等类型的属性。</p>
<h4 id="只读属性"><a href="#只读属性" class="headerlink" title="只读属性"></a>只读属性</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">List</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">readonly</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tom<span class="token operator">:</span> List <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Tom"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tom<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// error</span>

<span class="token keyword">let</span> Tony<span class="token operator">:</span> List <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Tony"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Tony<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// error</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><strong>只读的约束存在于第一次给对象赋值的时候，而不是第一次给只读属性赋值的时候</strong>。</p>
<h4 id="实践"><a href="#实践" class="headerlink" title="实践"></a>实践</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token operator">:</span> Result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> item<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Tom"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Amy"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 正常输出</span>

<span class="token keyword">let</span> result2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Tom"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> gender<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"male"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Amy"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 正常输出</span>

<span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Tom"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> gender<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"male"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Amy"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 则会有类型检验的错误</span>

<span class="token comment">// 类型断言绕过类型判断</span>
<span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Tom"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> gender<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"male"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Amy"</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> Result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="数组"><a href="#数组" class="headerlink" title="数组"></a>数组</h3><h4 id="类型"><a href="#类型" class="headerlink" title="类型+[]"></a>类型+[]</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> fibonacci<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="数组泛型"><a href="#数组泛型" class="headerlink" title="数组泛型"></a>数组泛型</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> fibonacci<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Array</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="接口表示数组"><a href="#接口表示数组" class="headerlink" title="接口表示数组"></a>接口表示数组</h4><p>基本不会这么使用。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">NumberArray</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> fibonacci<span class="token operator">:</span> NumberArray <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="类数组"><a href="#类数组" class="headerlink" title="类数组"></a>类数组</h4><p>函数中的<code>arguments</code> 实际上是一个类数组，不能用普通的数组的方式来描述：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">let</span> args<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arguments<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token comment">// error</span>

<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">let</span> args<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    callee<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arguments<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token comment">// 除了约束当索引的类型是数字时，值的类型必须是数字之外，也约束了它还有 length 和 callee 两个属性。</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="函数"><a href="#函数" class="headerlink" title="函数"></a>函数</h3><blockquote>
<p>在 JavaScript 中，有两种常见的定义函数的方式——函数声明（Function Declaration）和函数表达式（Function Expression）。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="函数声明"><a href="#函数声明" class="headerlink" title="函数声明"></a>函数声明</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> y<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token comment">// 需要对输入输出的类型进行约束</span>

<span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// error</span>
<span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// error</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><strong>输入多余的（或者少于要求的）参数，是不被允许的</strong>。</p>
<h4 id="函数表达式"><a href="#函数表达式" class="headerlink" title="函数表达式"></a>函数表达式</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token function-variable function">mySum</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> y<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>事实上，上面的代码只对等号右侧的匿名函数进行了类型定义，而等号左边的 <code>mySum</code>，是通过赋值操作进行类型推论而推断出来的。更精确的写法应该是：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token function-variable function">mySum</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function-variable function">number</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
  x<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  y<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> y<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>注：在 TypeScript 的类型定义中，<code>=&gt;</code> 用来表示函数的定义，左边是输入类型，需要用括号括起来，右边是输出类型。</p>
<h4 id="接口定义函数"><a href="#接口定义函数" class="headerlink" title="接口定义函数"></a>接口定义函数</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">SearchFunc</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">(</span>source<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> subString<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">boolean</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>

<span class="token keyword">let</span> mySearch<span class="token operator">:</span> SearchFunc<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function-variable function">mySearch</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>source<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> subString<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> source<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">search</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subString<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!==</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="可选参数"><a href="#可选参数" class="headerlink" title="可选参数"></a>可选参数</h4><p>可选参数必须接在必需参数后面，即<strong>可选参数后面不允许再出现必需参数了</strong>。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">buildName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstName<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastName<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span><span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="参数默认值"><a href="#参数默认值" class="headerlink" title="参数默认值"></a>参数默认值</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">buildName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstName<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastName<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Cat"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> firstName <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">" "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> lastName<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="剩余参数（rest-参数）"><a href="#剩余参数（rest-参数）" class="headerlink" title="剩余参数（rest 参数）"></a>剩余参数（rest 参数）</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>array<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">...</span>items<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  items<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>注：rest 参数只能是最后一个参数。</p>
<h4 id="重载"><a href="#重载" class="headerlink" title="重载"></a>重载</h4><p>重载允许一个函数接受不同数量或类型的参数时，作出不同的处理。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">reverse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">reverse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">reverse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">typeof</span> x <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">"number"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">Number</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reverse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">typeof</span> x <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> x<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reverse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

                
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